Electric-Electronic Engineering
General Description
The history of the Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department dates back to 1975 when the Bursa Electrical Faculty was founded. In 1982 the Electrical Faculty was structured as the Engineering Faculty comprising Electronic and newly established Mechanical and Textile Engineering Departments by the authority of the Institute of Higher Education. The Electronics Engineering Department had its first graduates in 1979 after completing the 4 years Bachelor of Science in Electronic Engineering program. In 2000-2001, the department began to serve evening education which follows the same curriculum of formal education. The name change (Electrical and Electronics Engineering) application of our department to YOK was examined and accepted at the General Assembly of YOK dated 01.03.2013.
This department is subject to first stage degree system for 240 ECTS credits in Electrical and Electronics Engineering area in the higher education. When the program was completed successfully and program qualifications are provided, an undergraduate degree in Electrical and Electronics Engineering area can be taken.
First Cycle
4
Specific Admission Requirements
Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department admits students for I. and II. formal education programs through a central exam administered by the National Student Selection and Placement Center (ÖSYM). The quotas of programs are 93 students for formal education; 82 students for evening education in 2022-2023 academic year. Additionally, students can be admitted from other associate and undergraduate programs and schools in a specific quota approved by the Department Administrative Board and the Higher Education Council (YÖK).
5
Specific arrangements for the recognition of prior learning
The provisions in “Regulation on Transfer among Associate and Undergraduate Degree Programs, Double Major, and Subspecialty and the Principals of Credit Transfer among Institutions in Higher Education Institutions” are applied.
6
Qualification Requirements and Regulations
In order to acquire the undergraduate degree in the Electrical and Electronics Engineering area it is necessary to complete all compulsory and elective courses successfully (for a total of 240 ECTS), and to achieve at least 2.0 over 4.0 of Grade Point Average (GAP).
7
Profile of The Programme
Educational Goals;
Graduates of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,
- Can solve technical and professional problems, take place in teamworks, organize and present information including inter-diciplinary subjects, explain their thoughts effectivelly both in oral and written form, have succesfull cariers in national and international companies working in the fields of engineering, research and development, business and management.
- Have necessary prerequisites for a successful post-graduation employment and life-long learning, and make pioneer scientific researchs nationally or internationally in Electrical and Electronics Engineering or related inter-disciplinary areas, complete master and doctorate programmes and improve themselves academically.
- Can develop new technologies within the framework of ethical principles as innovators and entrepreneurs with a global vision by using up-to-date researches and technologies, make contribution to aim of national technological leadership, establish national or international companies in Electrical and Electronics Engineering and related inter-disciplinary areas.
Curriciulum;
The first year of the curriculum includes basic sciences, computer programming and introduction to Electrical and Electronics Engineering courses. The second and the third years are focused on the courses in Electrical-Electronics Engineering area. The fourth year includes technical elective courses and a graduation project. Additionally, there are social selective courses in the third and the fourth years. Detailed curriculum can be found on ee.uludag.edu.tr.
8
Key Learning Outcomes & Classified & Comparative
1.
Gain sufficient knowledge on mathematics, science, and engineering fields; the ability to model and solve engineering problems using theoratical and practical knowledge.
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2.
Gain the ability to identify, model, and solve complex engineering problems; the ability to select and apply appropriate analysis and modelling methods for these problems.
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3.
Gain the ability to design partly or fully a complex system, process, device or a product meeting specific requirements under realistic constraints and conditions; the ability to apply modern design methods in this context.
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4.
Gain the ability to develop, select, and use modern techniques and tools necessary for engineering applications; the ability to use information technologies in an efficient way.
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5.
Gain the ability to design and conduct complex experiments and to collect, analyze and interpret data for engineering problems
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6.
Gain the ability to conduct individual and team works.
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7.
Gain the ability to effectively communicate by oral and/or written form.
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8.
Gain the ability to learn and use at least one foreign language.
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9.
Recognize the need for an ability to engage in life-long learning and follow recent advances in science and technology. Gain the ability of self developement.
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10.
Recognize and understand professional and ethical responsibility
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11.
Understand project management (leadership, organization, risk and time management, quality consciousness, productivity, etc.)
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12.
Understand the importance of innovation and entrepreneurship for sustainable economic development. Understand impact of engineering solutions in a global and societal context, including environment.
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9
Occupational Profiles of Graduates With Examples
Graduates of Electrical-Electronics Engineering can work as academicians, researchers and experts in national or international universities, research centers and corporations, such as;
Alcatel-Lucent, Arçelik, Bogazici University, Cankaya University, Gazikent University, Dogus Media Group, Durmazlar, Garanti Technologies, Turkish Air Forces, Henkel, Hewlett-Packard, Intouch Solutions Inc., USA, Ministry of Interior, Maltepe University, Netas, Oyak-Renault, Quad-Plus, USA, Robert Bosch, Roketsan, Technische Universität Darmstadt, TEDAS, TOFAS, Turkcell, TUBİTAK, Turk Telekom, University of Kansas, USA, Syracuse University, Vestel, Vodafone.
10
Access to Further Studies
Candidates completing the undergraduate education successfully can study in postgraduate programs under circumstances they pass ALES exam, have sufficent knowledge on a foreign language and are successful in the postgraduate exam.
11
Examination Regulations, Assessment and Grading
All students have to register for courses at the beginning of the semester and attend to classwork for at least 70% and to laboratory work for at least 80% in order to be allowed to take the final exam. Students are subjected to at least one midterm and one final exam for each course. The evaluation criteria for each course were announced by the relevant faculty member/staff at the beginning of the semester.
The contribution of the final and midterm exam to the grade point is 40% and %60 respectively (the points obtained from the assessment instruments, such as homeworks, projects, quizzes etc., may also participate the evaluation as the midterm exam). All exams are evaluated over 100 points. In the final exam at least 50 points have to be taken. Students having one of AA, BA, BB, CB and CC letter grades from any course are considered to besuccesfull in that course. DC and DD points refer to conditional success. The condition for having been successful in a particular course with DC or DD grades is to get at least 2.0 points GPA. FF and FD grades are considered unsuccessful.
12
Graduation Requirements
Completing the program successfully requires to pass all of the courses in the program (with 240 ECTS credits), to get at least 2.00 GPA over 4.00, and to complete internship programs in two different groups. Students have to get at least DD point for each course and have at least 2.00/4.00 GPA for graduation. Two design projects and a graduation study have to be completed to graduate from Electrical-Electronic Engineering. Graduation study is assessed as a course in the eighth midterm. The students completing the program and fulfilling the requirements of the internship are eligible for undergraduate degree in case of having GPA higher than 2.00/4.00.
Full-Time
14
Address and Contact Details
Bölüm Başkanı
Prof. Dr. Enes YİĞİT
Posta Adresi : Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Elektrik-Elektronik Mühendisliği Bölümü
16059 Görükle/BURSA
Tel. : 0224 294 20 18
e-posta : enesyigit@uludag.edu.tr
Bölüm Başkan Yardımcısı
Doç. Dr. Şekip Esat HAYBER
Posta Adresi : Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Elektrik-Elektronik Mühendisliği Bölümü
16059 Görükle/BURSA
Tel. : 0224 294 21 03
e-posta : sehayber@uludag.edu.tr
Bölüm Başkan Yardımcısı
Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Mustafa DEMİRTAŞ
Posta Adresi : Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Elektrik-Elektronik Mühendisliği Bölümü
16059 Görükle/BURSA
Tel. : 0224 295 52 55
e-posta : mustafademirtas@uludag.edu.tr
The department has 8 classes for undergraduate courses and 13 laboratories used for education and research activities.
These laboratories are listed below:
Computer Laboratory,
Electrical-Electronics Laboratory I and II,
PCB Laboratory,
Project Development Lab.,
Biomedical Signal Processing Lab.,
Embedded Systems Lab.,
Image Processing Lab.,
Microwave and Telecommunications Lab.., Optical Fiber Communications Lab.,
Optics Lab.,
PLC and Automation Lab.
1. Semester |
Course Code |
Course Title |
Type of Course |
T1 |
U2 |
L3 |
ECTS |
EEM1101 |
ALGORITHM AND PROGRAMMING FOR ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERS |
Compulsory |
3 |
0 |
1 |
3 |
EEM1501 |
INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRICAL-ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING |
Compulsory |
2 |
0 |
2 |
3 |
EEM1601 |
CAREER PLANNING |
Compulsory |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
FZK1071 |
BASIC PHYSICS I |
Compulsory |
3 |
0 |
2 |
6 |
KMY1077 |
GENERAL CHEMISTRY |
Compulsory |
3 |
0 |
1 |
6 |
MAT1089 |
DIFFERENTIAL AND INTEGRAL CALCULUS I |
Compulsory |
4 |
2 |
0 |
6 |
ATA101 |
ATATURK'S PRINCIPALS AND HISTORY OF REVOLUTIONS I |
Compulsory |
2 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
TUD101 |
TURKISH LANGUAGE I |
Compulsory |
2 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
YAD101 |
FOREIGN LANGUAGE I |
Compulsory |
2 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
YAD121 |
FOREIGN LANGUAGE I (FRENCH) |
Compulsory |
2 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
Total |
|
33 |
2. Semester |
Course Code |
Course Title |
Type of Course |
T1 |
U2 |
L3 |
ECTS |
EEM1102 |
COMPUTER TOOLS FOR ELECTRICAL-ELECTRONIC ENGINEERS |
Compulsory |
3 |
0 |
1 |
6 |
FZK1072 |
BASIC PHYSICS II |
Compulsory |
3 |
0 |
2 |
6 |
MAT1078 |
LINEAR ALGEBRA |
Compulsory |
3 |
0 |
0 |
6 |
MAT1090 |
DIFFERENTIAL AND INTEGRAL CALCULUS II |
Compulsory |
4 |
2 |
0 |
6 |
ATA102 |
ATATURK'S PRINCIPLES AND HISTORY OF REVOLUTIONS II |
Compulsory |
2 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
TUD102 |
TURKISH LANGUAGE II |
Compulsory |
2 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
YAD102 |
FOREIGN LANGUAGE II |
Compulsory |
2 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
Total |
|
30 |
3. Semester |
Course Code |
Course Title |
Type of Course |
T1 |
U2 |
L3 |
ECTS |
EEM2101 |
CIRCUIT THEORY I |
Compulsory |
3 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
EEM2103 |
ELECTRIC CIRCUITS LABORATORY I |
Compulsory |
0 |
0 |
3 |
3 |
EEM2201 |
ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD THEORY |
Compulsory |
4 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
EEM2303 |
ELECTRICAL MATERIALS |
Compulsory |
3 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
EEM2401 |
SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS I |
Compulsory |
3 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
ISG201 |
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY I |
Compulsory |
2 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
MAT2083 |
CALCULUS III (DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS) |
Compulsory |
3 |
2 |
0 |
6 |
Total |
|
30 |
4. Semester |
Course Code |
Course Title |
Type of Course |
T1 |
U2 |
L3 |
ECTS |
EEM2102 |
CIRCUIT THEORY II |
Compulsory |
3 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
EEM2104 |
ELECTRIC CIRCUITS LABORATORY II |
Compulsory |
0 |
0 |
3 |
3 |
EEM2202 |
ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE THEORY |
Compulsory |
3 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
EEM2204 |
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS |
Compulsory |
3 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
EEM2302 |
ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS |
Compulsory |
3 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
EEM2404 |
SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS II |
Compulsory |
3 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
ISG202 |
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY II |
Compulsory |
2 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
Total |
|
30 |
5. Semester |
Course Code |
Course Title |
Type of Course |
T1 |
U2 |
L3 |
ECTS |
EEM3103 |
LOGIC CIRCUITS |
Compulsory |
3 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
EEM3105 |
AUTOMATIC CONTROL |
Compulsory |
3 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
EEM3301 |
ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS I |
Compulsory |
3 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
EEM3303 |
ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS LABORATORY I |
Compulsory |
0 |
0 |
3 |
3 |
EEM3401 |
PROBABILTY AND STATISTICS |
Compulsory |
2 |
2 |
0 |
4 |
EEM3501 |
ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS |
Compulsory |
3 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
EEM3601 |
SEMINAR I |
Compulsory |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
|
Click to choose optional courses.
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
Total |
|
30 |
6. Semester |
Course Code |
Course Title |
Type of Course |
T1 |
U2 |
L3 |
ECTS |
EEM3104 |
MICROPROCESSORS |
Compulsory |
2 |
0 |
2 |
6 |
EEM3302 |
ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS II |
Compulsory |
3 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
EEM3304 |
ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS LABORATORY II |
Compulsory |
0 |
0 |
3 |
3 |
EEM3402 |
COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS |
Compulsory |
4 |
0 |
0 |
6 |
EEM3504 |
ELECTROMECHANICAL ENERGY CONVERSION |
Compulsory |
3 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
EEM3506 |
ELECTROMECHANICAL ENERGY CONVERSION LABORATORY II |
Compulsory |
0 |
0 |
2 |
2 |
EEM3602 |
SEMINAR II |
Compulsory |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
|
Click to choose optional courses.
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
Total |
|
30 |
7. Semester |
Course Code |
Course Title |
Type of Course |
T1 |
U2 |
L3 |
ECTS |
EEM4501 |
ENGINEERING DESIGN I |
Compulsory |
2 |
2 |
0 |
4 |
EEM4507 |
PROJECT PREPARATION |
Compulsory |
0 |
2 |
0 |
4 |
EEM4601 |
PRACTICE I |
Compulsory |
0 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
|
Click to choose optional courses.
|
|
|
|
|
19 |
Total |
|
30 |
8. Semester |
Course Code |
Course Title |
Type of Course |
T1 |
U2 |
L3 |
ECTS |
EEM4502 |
GRADUATION PROJECT |
Compulsory |
0 |
2 |
0 |
4 |
EEM4504 |
ENGINEERING DESIGN II |
Compulsory |
2 |
2 |
0 |
4 |
EEM4602 |
PRACTICE II |
Compulsory |
0 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
|
Click to choose optional courses.
|
|
|
|
|
19 |
Total |
|
30 |
5. Semester Optional Courses |
Course Code |
Course Title |
Type of Course |
T1 |
U2 |
L3 |
ECTS |
EEM3701 |
READING AND WRITING IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE |
Optional |
2 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
6. Semester Optional Courses |
Course Code |
Course Title |
Type of Course |
T1 |
U2 |
L3 |
ECTS |
EEM3702 |
VOCATIONAL FOREIGN LANGUAGE I |
Optional |
2 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
7. Semester Optional Courses |
Course Code |
Course Title |
Type of Course |
T1 |
U2 |
L3 |
ECTS |
EEM4701 |
VOCATIONAL FOREIGN LANGUAGE II |
Optional |
2 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
EEM4101 |
INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
EEM4103 |
ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION |
Optional |
2 |
2 |
0 |
4 |
EEM4105 |
ELECTRICAL MACHINES |
Optional |
2 |
0 |
2 |
4 |
EEM4107 |
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
EEM4111 |
MOBILE PROGRAMMING |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
EEM4113 |
DISCRETE-TIME CONTROL SYSTEMS |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
EEM4115 |
ADVANCED PROGRAMMING |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
EEM4117 |
NETWORK SYNTHESIS |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
EEM4119 |
OPTIMIZATION METHODS |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
EEM4121 |
PYTHON PROGRAMMING AND APPLICATIONS |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
EEM4123 |
NATURE-INSPIRED OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHMS |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
EEM4205 |
ANTENNAS |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
EEM4213 |
MICROWAVE |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
EEM4215 |
RADAR TECHNIQUES |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
EEM4303 |
OPTOELECTRONICS |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
EEM4305 |
FUNDAMENTALS OF OPTICS AND PHONICS |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
EEM4313 |
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
EEM4315 |
DIGITAL ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
EEM4317 |
FUNDAMENTALS OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL DEVICES |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
EEM4319 |
INTRODUCTION TO MECHATRONIC DEFENSE SYSTEM |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
EEM4321 |
INTRODUCTION TO BIOSENSING |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
EEM4403 |
INTRODUCTION TO ERROR CORRECTION CODING |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
EEM4405 |
INTEGRATED COMMUNICATION NETWORKS |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
EEM4409 |
DATA COMMUNICATIONS |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
EEM4411 |
SIGNALING AND SWITCHING SYSTEMS |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
EEM4413 |
INTRODUCTION TO MULTIMEDIA |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
EEM4415 |
DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
EEM4427 |
COMPUTER VISION AND PATTERN RECOGNITION |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
EEM4429 |
BIOMEDICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
EEM4431 |
DIGITAL COMMUNICATION |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
EEM4433 |
DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
EEM4503 |
INTRODUCTION TO MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
EEM4505 |
POWER SYSTEMS |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
8. Semester Optional Courses |
Course Code |
Course Title |
Type of Course |
T1 |
U2 |
L3 |
ECTS |
EEM4702 |
VOCATIONAL LANGUAGE |
Optional |
2 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
EEM4104 |
ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES |
Optional |
2 |
0 |
2 |
4 |
EEM4108 |
POWER ELECTRONICS |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
EEM4110 |
VISUAL PROGRAMMING |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
EEM4122 |
R PROGRAMMING AND MACHINE LEARNING APPLICATIONS |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
EEM4210 |
ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
EEM4212 |
RADIOWAVE PROPAGATION |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
EEM4214 |
COMPUTER AIDED ANTENNA DESIGN |
Optional |
2 |
0 |
2 |
4 |
EEM4216 |
MICROWAVE ELECTRONICS |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
EEM4218 |
MICROWAVE APPLICATIONS |
Optional |
2 |
0 |
2 |
4 |
EEM4220 |
SATELLITE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
EEM4222 |
BIOELECTROMAGNETICS |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
EEM4224 |
NUMERICAL ELECTROMAGNETICS |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
EEM4302 |
INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
EEM4314 |
DESIGN WITH INTEGRATED CIRCUITS |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
EEM4316 |
COMMUNICATION ELECTRONICS |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
EEM4318 |
INTRODUCTION TO ROBOTICS |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
EEM4320 |
INTRODUCTION TO PHOTONIC SENSING |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
EEM4322 |
PHOTONIC CIRCUIT COMPONENTS |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
EEM4324 |
ELECTRPHYSIOLOGY |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
EEM4402 |
STATISTICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
EEM4404 |
SIGNAL PROCESSING FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
EEM4406 |
OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
EEM4410 |
COMMUNICATION NETWORKS |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
EEM4412 |
WIRELESS NETWORKS |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
EEM4418 |
MULTIMEDIA SYSTEMS |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
EEM4420 |
ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
EEM4426 |
MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
EEM4428 |
COMPUTER VISION APPLICATIONS |
Optional |
2 |
0 |
2 |
4 |
EEM4430 |
FUNDAMENTALS OF MEDICAL IMAGING |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
EEM4432 |
SPEECH AND AUDIO PROCESSING |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
EEM4434 |
DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING APPLICATIONS |
Optional |
2 |
0 |
2 |
4 |
EEM4436 |
WAVELET TRANSFORM AND MULTI SCALE ANALYSIS |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
EEM4440 |
RADAR IMAGING BASICS |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
EEM4506 |
HIGH VOLTAGE TECHNIQUES |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
4 |