Integrated PhD Program in Environmental Engineering
General Description
The department has offered graduate programmes leading to PhD degree in Environmental Engineering within the Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences established in 1982. The Environmental Engineering discipline has started the PhD degree programme in the academic year of 1995-1996. The number of graduated students from the programme is 21 by 2021 (January).
The students who successfully complete the programme are awarded the Doctorate (PhD) Degree in Environmental Engineering.
Third Cycle
4
Specific Admission Requirements
Applications, admissions and enrollments to the Programme follow the rules and provisions of ‘´Bursa Uludağ University Regulation on Graduate Education”. In order to be admitted to the doctorate programme, candidates should have a MSc degree (with thesis) from relevant departments. A minimum score of 55 from ALES (numerical part) and a 2.25 grade average score in the 4th system (59.16 in the 100th system) are required. The doctoral candidates are also expected to get at least 55 points from the central foreign language exams accepted by YÖK (YDS, ÜDS, KPDS, TOEFL,…). The General Achievement Grade is calculated by getting certain percentages of ALES score, foreign language exam score, graduation grade average, written scientific exam score and interview score. The General Achievement Grade must be at least 70 points. A compulsory Scientific Preparatory Programme will be provided to students from different disciplines.
5
Specific arrangements for the recognition of prior learning
The provisions in “Regulation on Transfer among Associate and Undergraduate Degree Programs, Double Major, and Subspecialty and the Principals of Credit Transfer among Institutions in Higher Education Institutions” are applied.
6
Qualification Requirements and Regulations
So as to be granted a Doctorate degree, students have to take and successfully complete at least 7 courses, a seminar course, a proficiency exam, thesis proposal and thesis study. The minimum total workload to be accomplished for PhD Programme is 240 ECTS. “Research Techniques and Publication Ethics” course, which is mandatory, must be taken. In addition, it is obligatory to publish full text original articles in the number and quality determined by the Senate. The grade must be at least 75 out of 100 to be successful in a course. The students of Environmental Engineering Programme who meet the relevant requirements are awarded a Doctor of Philosophy degree.
7
Profile of The Programme
Students, holding Master’s degree in Basic Sciences or Engineering, are able to specify and apply probable solutions for a problem by suggesting thesis and hypothesis while being equipped with profound knowledge in their field of expertise. PhD programme cover various courses offered with an interdisciplinary approach in accordance with the field of interests. Students are provided with the opportunity to conduct applied research activities thanks to the updated laboratories equipped with high standard infrastructures. The primary objectives of the Programme are to raise individuals who respect the ethical values, adopt the principle of scientific and social equality and work for the development of society in all areas. Doctorate students are expected to gain the ability to conduct independent research in the related field, to interpret scientific events from a broad and deep perspective, and to reach new syntheses. In addition, the research results obtained under the doctoral study is expected to be published in scientific journals for the benefit of Turkey´s economy and the world of science.
8
Key Learning Outcomes & Classified & Comparative
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1.
Developing and idensifying and intensifying knowledge in the related programme's area, based upın the competency in the graduate level (sufficient knowledge) (knowledge)
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2.
Grasping the inter-disciplinary interaction related to one's area (knowledge)
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3.
The ability to use the expert level theoretical and practical knowledge acquired in the are (skill)
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4.
İnterpreting and forming new types of knowledge by combining the knowledge from the area and the knowledge from various other disciplines (skill)
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5.
Solving the problems faced in the area by making use of research methods (skill)
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6.
The ability to carry out a special study related to one's area independently (Competence to work independently and take responsibility)
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7.
Developing new strategic approaches to solve the unforeseen and complex problems arising in the practical processes of one's area and coming up with solutions while taking responsibility (Competence to work independently and take responsibility)
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8.
Fullfşllşng the leader role in the environments where solutions are sought for the problems related to the area (Competence to work independently and take responsibility)
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9.
Assessing the special knowledge and skill gained through the sudy with acritical view and directing one's own learning process (Learning competence)
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10.
Systematically transferring the current developments in the area and one's own work to other groups in and out of the area; in written, oral and visual forms (Communication and Social Competency)
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11.
Ability to see and develop social relationships and the norms directing these relationships with a critical look and the ability to take action to change these when necessary (Communication and Social Competency)
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12.
Proficiency in a foreign language-at least European Language Portfolio B2 Level- and establishing written and oral communication with that language (Communication and Social Competency)
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13.
Using the computer software together with the information and communication technologies efficiently and according to the needs of the area (Communication and Social Competency).
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14.
Paying regard to social, scientific, cultural and ethical values during the collecting, interpreting, practicing and announcing processes of the area related data and the ability to teach these values to others (Area Specific Competency).
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15.
Developing strategy, policy and application plans concerning the subjects related to the area and the ability to evaluate the end results of these plans within the frame of quality processes (Area Specific Competency).
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16.
Using the knowledge and the skills for problem solving and/or application (which are processed within the area) in inter-disciplinary studies (Area Specific Competency).
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| SKILLS |
Cognitive - Practical |
- Solving the problems faced in the area by making use of research methods (skill)
- The ability to carry out a special study related to one's area independently (Competence to work independently and take responsibility)
- İnterpreting and forming new types of knowledge by combining the knowledge from the area and the knowledge from various other disciplines (skill)
- The ability to use the expert level theoretical and practical knowledge acquired in the are (skill)
|
| KNOWLEDGE |
Theoretical - Conceptual |
- Developing and idensifying and intensifying knowledge in the related programme's area, based upın the competency in the graduate level (sufficient knowledge) (knowledge)
- Grasping the inter-disciplinary interaction related to one's area (knowledge)
|
| COMPETENCES |
Field Specific Competence |
- Paying regard to social, scientific, cultural and ethical values during the collecting, interpreting, practicing and announcing processes of the area related data and the ability to teach these values to others (Area Specific Competency).
- Using the knowledge and the skills for problem solving and/or application (which are processed within the area) in inter-disciplinary studies (Area Specific Competency).
- Developing strategy, policy and application plans concerning the subjects related to the area and the ability to evaluate the end results of these plans within the frame of quality processes (Area Specific Competency).
|
| COMPETENCES |
Competence to Work Independently and Take Responsibility |
- Fullfşllşng the leader role in the environments where solutions are sought for the problems related to the area (Competence to work independently and take responsibility)
- Developing new strategic approaches to solve the unforeseen and complex problems arising in the practical processes of one's area and coming up with solutions while taking responsibility (Competence to work independently and take responsibility)
- Assessing the special knowledge and skill gained through the sudy with acritical view and directing one's own learning process (Learning competence)
|
| COMPETENCES |
Communication and Social Competence |
- Proficiency in a foreign language-at least European Language Portfolio B2 Level- and establishing written and oral communication with that language (Communication and Social Competency)
- Using the computer software together with the information and communication technologies efficiently and according to the needs of the area (Communication and Social Competency).
- Ability to see and develop social relationships and the norms directing these relationships with a critical look and the ability to take action to change these when necessary (Communication and Social Competency)
|
| Learning Competence |
- Systematically transferring the current developments in the area and one's own work to other groups in and out of the area; in written, oral and visual forms (Communication and Social Competency)
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9
Occupational Profiles of Graduates With Examples
Graduates who have completed the doctoral programme in the Department of Environmental Engineering may be employed as academicians in universities, as experts and senior managers in goverment or private research institutions, or they can provide consultancy in their own companies.
10
Access to Further Studies
Graduates who have successfully completed a doctoral programme may apply to higher education institutions in Turkey or abroad for an academic position or to research centers in goverment institutions for an expert position.
11
Examination Regulations, Assessment and Grading
The assessment and evaluation of student achievement is carried out in accordance with article 20 of ‘´Bursa Uludağ University Regulation on Graduate Education ´´.
12
Graduation Requirements
In order to successfully complete the Ph.D. programme, the conditions described in the "Qualification Requirements and Rules" section must be fulfilled, the proficiency exam must be passed and the thesis prepared in a related field must be successfully defended against a jury. In addition, it is obligatory to publish full text original articles in the number and quality determined by the Senate.
Full-Time
14
Address and Contact Details
Anabilim Dalı Başkanı
Prof. Dr. F. Olcay TOPAÇ
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Mühendislik Fakültesi
Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü
16059 Nilüfer/ Bursa/ Türkiye
Tel: 00 90 224 294 21 09
e-posta: olcaytopac@uludag.edu.tr
Doktora Programı Koordinatörü
Bologna Birim Koordinatörü
Prof. Dr. F. Olcay TOPAÇ
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Mühendislik Fakültesi
Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü
16059 Nilüfer/ Bursa/ Türkiye
Tel: 00 90 224 294 21 09
e-posta: olcaytopac@uludag.edu.tr
The Department of Environmental Engineering has a closed area of 3600 m2 with 9 research laboratories (Solid and Hazardous Waste Laboratory, Water Pollution Laboratory, Biotechnology Laboratory, Wastewater and Unit Operations Laboratory I, Wastewater and Unit Operations Laboratory II, Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Model Laboratory , Environmental Chemistry and Soil Pollution Laboratory, Air Pollution Laboratory), a common student laboratory, a student computer laboratory and 8 classrooms. A meeting / seminar room with a capacity of 26 people is available in the Department. In addition, Aykut Barka meeting room in the Department of Industrial Engineering and conference hall located in Automotive Engineering Department can be used for faculty meetings, seminars of invited speakers and thesis defense exams. There is a cafeteria used by students in the main building of the Faculty of Engineering. There is also a campus dining hall for the use of academic staff. A printing house is available for the printing and document replication needs of academic staff in the campus. The full-time academic staff of Environmental Engineering Department consists of 20 faculty members and 4 research assistants.
| 1. Semester |
| Course Code |
Course Title |
Type of Course |
T1 |
U2 |
L3 |
ECTS |
| CEV5301 |
ENVIRONMENTAL MOVEMENT OF CHEMICALS |
Compulsory |
3 |
0 |
0 |
6 |
| CEV6181 |
ADVANCED TOPICS IN PHD THESIS 1 |
Compulsory |
4 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
| CEV6191 |
THESIS CONSULTING I |
Compulsory |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
|
Click to choose optional courses.
|
|
|
|
|
18 |
| Total |
|
30 |
| 2. Semester |
| Course Code |
Course Title |
Type of Course |
T1 |
U2 |
L3 |
ECTS |
| CEV5302 |
STATISTICS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERS |
Compulsory |
3 |
0 |
0 |
6 |
| CEV5304 |
ADVANCED ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY I |
Compulsory |
3 |
0 |
0 |
6 |
| CEV6182 |
ADVANCED TOPICS IN PHD THESIS II |
Compulsory |
4 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
| CEV6192 |
THESIS CONSULTING II |
Compulsory |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
|
Click to choose optional courses.
|
|
|
|
|
12 |
| Total |
|
30 |
| 3. Semester |
| Course Code |
Course Title |
Type of Course |
T1 |
U2 |
L3 |
ECTS |
| CEV6183 |
ADVANCED TOPICS IN PHD THESIS III |
Compulsory |
4 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
| CEV6193 |
THESIS CONSULTANTS III |
Compulsory |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
|
Click to choose optional courses.
|
|
|
|
|
24 |
| Total |
|
30 |
| 4. Semester |
| Course Code |
Course Title |
Type of Course |
T1 |
U2 |
L3 |
ECTS |
| CEV6174 |
SEMINAR |
Compulsory |
0 |
2 |
0 |
2 |
| CEV6184 |
ADVANCED TOPICS IN PHD THESIS IV |
Compulsory |
4 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
| CEV6194 |
THESIS CONSULTANTS IV |
Compulsory |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
| FEN5000 |
RESEARCH TECHNIQUES AND PUBLICATION ETHICS |
Compulsory |
2 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
| FEN6002 |
TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER, R-D AND INNOVATION |
Compulsory |
2 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
|
Click to choose optional courses.
|
|
|
|
|
18 |
| Total |
|
30 |
| 5. Semester |
| Course Code |
Course Title |
Type of Course |
T1 |
U2 |
L3 |
ECTS |
| CEV6185 |
ADVANCED TOPICS IN PHD THESIS V |
Compulsory |
4 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
| CEV6195 |
THESIS CONSULTING V |
Compulsory |
0 |
1 |
0 |
15 |
| YET6177 |
PHD PROFICIENCY EXAMINATION |
Compulsory |
0 |
0 |
0 |
10 |
| Total |
|
30 |
| 6. Semester |
| Course Code |
Course Title |
Type of Course |
T1 |
U2 |
L3 |
ECTS |
| CEV6186 |
ADVANCED TOPICS IN PHD THESIS VI |
Compulsory |
4 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
| CEV6196 |
THESIS CONSULTING VI |
Compulsory |
0 |
1 |
0 |
25 |
| Total |
|
30 |
| 7. Semester |
| Course Code |
Course Title |
Type of Course |
T1 |
U2 |
L3 |
ECTS |
| CEV6187 |
PHD SPECIALISED FIELD COURSE VII |
Compulsory |
4 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
| CEV6197 |
THESIS CONSULTING VII |
Compulsory |
0 |
1 |
0 |
25 |
| Total |
|
30 |
| 8. Semester |
| Course Code |
Course Title |
Type of Course |
T1 |
U2 |
L3 |
ECTS |
| CEV6188 |
PHD SPECIALISED FIELD COURSE VIII |
Compulsory |
4 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
| CEV6198 |
THESIS CONSULTING VIII |
Compulsory |
0 |
1 |
0 |
25 |
| Total |
|
30 |
| 9. Semester |
| Course Code |
Course Title |
Type of Course |
T1 |
U2 |
L3 |
ECTS |
| CEV6189 |
ADVANCED TOPICS IN PHD IX |
Compulsory |
4 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
| CEV6199 |
PHD THESIS IX |
Compulsory |
0 |
1 |
0 |
25 |
| Total |
|
30 |
| 10. Semester |
| Course Code |
Course Title |
Type of Course |
T1 |
U2 |
L3 |
ECTS |
| CEV6190 |
SPECIAL TOPICS IN PHD THESIS X |
Compulsory |
4 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
| CEV6200 |
PHD THESIS CONSULTING X |
Compulsory |
0 |
1 |
0 |
25 |
| Total |
|
30 |
| 1. Semester Optional Courses |
| Course Code |
Course Title |
Type of Course |
T1 |
U2 |
L3 |
ECTS |
| CEV5121 |
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
6 |
| CEV5147 |
MICROBIAL QUALITY OF DRINKING WATER AND |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
6 |
| CEV5243 |
INDUSTRIAL AIR POLLUTION |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
6 |
| CEV5247 |
BASICS OF ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
6 |
| CEV5249 |
DESIGN CRITERIA FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS |
Optional |
2 |
2 |
0 |
6 |
| CEV5251 |
STACK GAS MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS |
Optional |
2 |
0 |
2 |
6 |
| CEV5253 |
MEASUREMENT AND MONITORING OF AMBIENT AIR |
Optional |
2 |
0 |
2 |
6 |
| CEV5255 |
WETLAND SYSTEMS IN WASTEWATER TREATMENT |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
6 |
| CEV5265 |
CLEANER PRODUCTION PRINCIPLES |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
6 |
| CEV5267 |
WATER AND WASTEWATER MICROBIOLOGY |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
6 |
| CEV5269 |
ANAEROBIC TREATMENT OF WASTES |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
6 |
| CEV5271 |
GREENHOUSE GASES CALCULATION METHODS AND CLIMATE CHANGE |
Optional |
2 |
2 |
0 |
6 |
| CEV5273 |
NANOTECHNOLOGY IN ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
6 |
| CEV5275 |
INTEGRATED WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
6 |
| CEV5279 |
FORMATION AND TREATMENT OF LANDFILL LEACHATE |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
6 |
| CEV5281 |
BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATERS |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
6 |
| CEV5303 |
COMPOSTIRG TECHOLOGY |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
6 |
| CEV5305 |
PRODUCTION OF BIOFUELS |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
6 |
| CEV5307 |
SEDIMENT POLLUTION AND TRANSPORT |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
6 |
| CEV5311 |
SOIL POLLUTION AND CONTROL |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
6 |
| 2. Semester Optional Courses |
| Course Code |
Course Title |
Type of Course |
T1 |
U2 |
L3 |
ECTS |
| CEV5102 |
ENVIRONMENTAL INSTRUMENTAL ANALYSIS |
Optional |
2 |
0 |
2 |
6 |
| CEV5122 |
WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT |
Optional |
2 |
2 |
0 |
6 |
| CEV5148 |
RECYCLE AND REUSE TECHNIQUES ON INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATERS |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
6 |
| CEV5222 |
INDUSTRIAL WASTE MANAGEMENT |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
6 |
| CEV5224 |
PRINCIPLES OF BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
6 |
| CEV5226 |
WASTEWATER ENGINEERING |
Optional |
2 |
2 |
0 |
6 |
| CEV5228 |
ION EXCHANGE AND ADSORPTION TECHNOLOGY IN WASTEWATER TREATMENT |
Optional |
2 |
2 |
0 |
6 |
| CEV5230 |
THE DESIGN OF LANDFILL AREAS |
Optional |
2 |
2 |
0 |
6 |
| CEV5232 |
AIR POLLUTION ENGINEERING |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
6 |
| CEV5234 |
ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT AND DEPOSITION |
Optional |
2 |
0 |
2 |
6 |
| CEV5236 |
INSTRUMENTATION AND AUTOMATION OF WATER AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS |
Optional |
2 |
2 |
0 |
6 |
| CEV5238 |
BIOINDICATOR ORGANISMS IN DETERMINATION OF WATER QUALITY |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
6 |
| CEV5242 |
DISINFECTION OF WATER AND WASTEWATER |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
6 |
| CEV5244 |
MICROBIAL TECHNIQUES IN ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
6 |
| CEV5246 |
ADVANCED ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
6 |
| CEV5250 |
ON-SITE WASTEWATER TREATMENT |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
6 |
| CEV5306 |
ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION AND CONTROL |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
6 |
| CEV5308 |
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
6 |
| CEV5310 |
HYDROLOGY OF RIVER CATCHMENTS AND FLOOD-DROUGHT MODELLING |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
6 |
| CEV5312 |
ADVANCED PHYSICO-CHEMICAL TREATMENT PROCESSES |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
6 |
| CEV5314 |
WASTEWATER SLUDGE AND SOIL ANALYSIS |
Optional |
2 |
0 |
2 |
6 |
| CEV5316 |
DEWATERING OF TREATMENT SLUDGES |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
6 |
| CEV5318 |
ORGANIC MICROPOLLUTANTS AND CONTROL |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
6 |
| 3. Semester Optional Courses |
| Course Code |
Course Title |
Type of Course |
T1 |
U2 |
L3 |
ECTS |
| CEV6101 |
WATER CHEMISTRY |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
6 |
| CEV6123 |
LAKE WATER QUALITY MODELLING |
Optional |
2 |
2 |
0 |
6 |
| CEV6221 |
HAZARDOUS WASTES |
Optional |
2 |
2 |
0 |
6 |
| CEV6225 |
STABILIZATION AND SOLIDIFICATION OF HAZARDOUS WASTES |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
6 |
| CEV6227 |
COMPUTER SUPPORTED MODEL APPROACHES IN ACTIVATED SLUDGE SYSTEMS |
Optional |
2 |
2 |
0 |
6 |
| CEV6229 |
BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF TOXIC ORGANIC COMPOUNDS |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
6 |
| CEV6231 |
ADVANCED TREATMENT TECHNIQUES |
Optional |
2 |
2 |
0 |
6 |
| CEV6233 |
LAND APPLICATION OF WASTEWATER SLUDGES |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
6 |
| CEV6301 |
ADVANCED ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY II |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
6 |
| CEV6303 |
BIOMASS ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
6 |
| CEV6305 |
HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS AND RISK ANALYSIS |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
6 |
| CEV6307 |
CONTROL OF PARTICULATE POLLUTANTS |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
6 |
| 4. Semester Optional Courses |
| Course Code |
Course Title |
Type of Course |
T1 |
U2 |
L3 |
ECTS |
| CEV6124 |
SURFACE WATER QUALITY MODELLING |
Optional |
2 |
2 |
0 |
6 |
| CEV6208 |
DISPOSAL TECHNIQUES OF DOMESTIC AND INDUSTRIAL SLUDGE |
Optional |
2 |
2 |
0 |
6 |
| CEV6224 |
TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF INDUSTRIAL WASTES |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
6 |
| CEV6242 |
AIR POLLUTION METEOROLOGY |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
6 |
| CEV6244 |
USE OF RESPIROMETRIC METHOD IN DESIGN AND OPERATION OF ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS |
Optional |
2 |
0 |
2 |
6 |
| CEV6246 |
OPERATION OF TREATMENT PLANTS |
Optional |
2 |
0 |
2 |
6 |
| CEV6248 |
BIOKINETICS TECHNIQUES OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
6 |
| CEV6250 |
WATER AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT WITH ADVANCED OXIDATION AND MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGIES |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
6 |
| CEV6252 |
WASTE AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY PROCESSES |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
6 |
| CEV6254 |
MODELLING OF ACTIVATED SLUDGE SYSTEMS |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
6 |
| CEV6256 |
CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS AND ADAPTATION |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
6 |
| CEV6258 |
CONTROL OF GASEOUS POLLUTANTS |
Optional |
3 |
0 |
0 |
6 |
