| Week |
Theoretical |
Practical |
| 1 |
Introduction to the Course and Milestones of Genetics; Mendelian Genetics:
The chromosomal basis of inheritance, Mendel’s principles of segregation, and independent assortment, monohybrid, dihybrid and trihybrid crosses.
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| 2 |
Chi-square Test for Mendelian Inheritance:
Statistical methods to describe the mode of inheritance in monohybrid and dihybrid crosses, the laws of probability to statistically analyze the outcomes of genetic crosses, and interpreting the results in terms of biological sense.
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| 3 |
Variations on Mendelian Inheritance I:
Genetic deviations from Mendelian principles, and examples of non-Mendelian inheritance; like incomplete dominance, co-dominance, gene interactions, and type of epistasis.
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| 4 |
Exceptions on Mendelian Genetics II:
Examination of other examples for the mode of non-Mendelian inheritance, like pleiotropy, multiple alleles, polygenic inheritance, essential genes, lethal alleles, penetrance, environmental effects, and genetic heterogeneity.
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| 5 |
Sex Linked Inheritance:
Sex determination in different species, sex linkage, X chromosome Inactivation, dosage compensation, cytoplasmic inheritance, genetic maternal effect, sex-influenced characteristics and pedigree analysis.
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| 6 |
The Cell Division; Mitosis and Meiosis:
Basic concept about cell division and genetics, prokaryotic cell division, eukaryotic cell cycle, mitosis, cytokinesis, regulation of the cell cycle, meiosis, crossing over, a cause of genetic variation, gametogenesis; spermatogenesis and oogenesis.
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| 7 |
Linkage and Chromosomal Mapping:
Linkage and recombination, crossing over, chromosome theory, a genetic map of the Drosophila melanogaster, linkage mapping in dihybrid and trihybrid cross by recombination frequencies between genes, interference, and coefficient of coincidence.
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| 8 |
Identifying DNA and RNA as the Genetic Material:
Search for genetic material; the discovery of DNA by Griffith’s Transformation Experiment, Avery, MacLeod and McCarty’s experiments, Hershey-Chase bacteriophage experiment, and a discovery of RNA by Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) experiment.
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| 9 |
The Structure and Analysis of DNA and RNA:
Structure of nucleic acid, properties of pyrimidines and purines, the anatomy of DNA, a discovery of the structure of DNA, the DNA double helix as Watson and Crick model, polymorphism of DNA, structural features of DNA and a structure of RNA
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| 10 |
DNA Packing in Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Chromosomes:
DNA condensation, DNA supercoiling, nucleosomes, eukaryotic chromosomal organization, a structure of chromatin, chromosome folding, DNA packing.
Gene Expression and Regulation:
Repressible vs. inducible operon systems; Lac Operon and Tryptophan Operons in E. coli.
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| 11 |
DNA Replication in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes:
Models for DNA replication, Meselson-Stahl experiment, a mechanism of DNA replication in prokaryotes, replication of DNA in eukaryotes, enzymes required for replication, directionality of synthesis in DNA strands, DNA repair system, editing, and proofreading of DNA.
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| 12 |
The Central Dogma; Transcription, Translation and Protein Synthesis:
Defining central dogma of molecular biology, transcription, RNA processing, genetic code, wobble base pairing, translation, protein synthesis, the structure of amino acid, principles of polarity in amino acid.
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| 13 |
The Genetic Mutations:
Cause of mutation, types of mutations; spontaneous mutations, single base substitution and frameshift mutations, chromosomal disorders, nondisjunction in autosomal chromosomes, trisomies, nondisjunction of X chromosomes and induced mutations
Genetic Transfer in Bacteria:
Transformation, transduction, and conjugation, plasmid structure in bacteria.
Recombinant DNA Technology:
Type of vectors, techniques of recombinant DNA technology; electroporation, protoplast fusion, and injection: gene gun and microinjection.
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| 14 |
DNA Sequencing Techniques:
Basic methods for sequencing; Maxam-Gilbert and Sanger methods, Whole genome sequencing and New DNA sequencing methods
Molecular Markers:
Describing the principles of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and their applications with molecular markers in animal breeding studies.
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