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Course Title: |
HYDROLOGICAL METHODS IN SOIL |
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Course Code: |
TPR3924-S |
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Type of Course: |
Optional |
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Level of Course: |
First Cycle |
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Year of Study: |
3 |
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Semester: |
6 |
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ECTS Credits Allocated: |
4 |
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Theoretical (hour/week): |
1 |
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Practice (hour/week) : |
2 |
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Laboratory (hour/week) : |
0 |
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Prerequisites: |
None |
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Recommended optional programme components: |
None |
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Language: |
Turkish |
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Mode of Delivery: |
Face to face |
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Course Coordinator: |
Dr. Ögr. Üyesi Rifat AKIŞ |
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Course Lecturers: |
Yok |
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Contactinformation of the Course Coordinator: |
rifatakis@uludag.edu.tr, 0224.2941531, U.Ü. Ziraat Fak. Toprak Bilimi ve Bitki Besleme Bölümü. Görükle-Nilüfer/Bursa |
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Website: |
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Objective of the Course: |
This course, in general, emphasize compartments of hydrological cycle and hydrological methods in data collections and targets to determine quality and quantity of hydrological flows in soil,
improves the understanding of coevolution of soil and hydrological systems to adapt soil management to changing climate,
contributes to the understanding of measurement methods of hydrological cycle to be essential for soil and rainfall water management,
focuses on the names of field and laboratory equipment traditionally used in soil
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Contribution of the Course to Professional Development |
Student learns about hydrologic cycle, becomes able to calculate soil water budget, improves efficiency of soil and water conservation plans, successfully measures hydrological flows, properties and parameters in soil, takes necessary measures against floding and drought in soil, be able to apply a sound water budget in soil and effective drainage methods |
| Week |
Theoretical |
Practical |
| 1 |
Definition of hydrology, methods of hydrology, hydrologic system and cycle (in labroratuary, lysimetric, and field conditions), hydrological system soil water storage, conservation of mass, modifying water budgets by irrigation-drainage, infiltration-runoff, and soil water storage-redistribution (examples) |
The introduction of the students to the equipment to be used |
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Precipitation: the conditions to form a rain drop and rainfall types, measurement of precipitation and definition of equipment used |
İntroduction of tipping bucket to the students and technical specifications |
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Analysis of precipitation records: rainfall hyetograph, cumulative rainfall curve, mean rainfall calculations by arithmetic, thiessen polygon and isohyetal methods, the idf theory (intensity-duration-frequency) curves |
Introduction of recording and nonrecording rain gages to the students and using precipitation records in the laboratuary session |
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Conditons of evaporation to form, evaporation from water body surfaces and soil surfaces, measurement of evaporation |
Problem solving for evaporation computatıons and ddiscussion on the parameters the evaporation equations contain |
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Losses of evapotranspration: potential and actual evaptranspraitons, daily evapotranspration |
Problem solving and discussions based web material on evapotranspration |
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İnfiltration: infiltration capacity, infiltration rate, and drainage and redistribution after infiltration |
Double ring cyclender infiltrometers to be uesd and their measurements fort he analysis of infitration experiment in field,
Fitting of various infiltration models to the measured data
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Groundwater: zonation of groundwater (vadose zone, p<0 atm, and saturated zone, p>0 atm) groundwater flow direction: high potential to low potential direction flow (H= h+z), mapping of groundwater surfece through piezometric measurements and interpreting contour maps of the potensiometric surfaceses, groundwater hydrographs and seasonal behaviors: percolation and recharge, definitions of these terms, groundwater aquifers and their definitions, piezometric surface and depth to water table |
Tension disc infiltrometer and soil moisture profile analysis |
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Runoff: hydrograph theory and analysis of runoff, the elements of runoff hydrograph, direct runoff and baseflow separation and methods used,unit hydrograph theory: definition, creation, and steps to create unit hydrograph, the process from unit hydrograph to a real rainfall depth |
Contour mapping of potensiometric surface sourced from piezometry field |
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Hydrograph analysis (continued): synthetic unit hydrographs, instanteneous unit hydrographs, employing unit hydrograph |
With the help of computers and excel program, developing rainfall cumulative curve and hyetograph, determining the contribution of a rainfall to the total runoff, direct runoff, and baseflow (HEC-HMS will be specifically used for this step) |
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Soil drainage: definition of agricultural drainage, discussions visually and theorically on the types of drainage system, surface drain dithes and subsurface tile drainas draınage coeffıcıent definition, drainage coefficient under steady-state conditions, drainage coefficient under fluctuationg water table, and examples and their solutions, Hooghoudt equation (ellipsoid equation) and drain depth and spacings, an example problem with solution |
In the Excel, unit hydrograph will be developed as a first step, then continued to the calculations of depth of real rainfall by using hydrograph logging (HEC-HMS to be used for this part of the experiment) |
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Drainage water quality: salinity (EC), pH, nutrient concentrations, and pollutants (NO3-, PO4-3, DOC) concentratıons, drainage equilibrium with salts (leaching) |
A small-scale soil drainage design project in DRAİNMOD environment will be carried out |
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Drainage discharge measurements and drainage hdyrographs, peak flow rate, volume and time evaluation of the hydrograph, the use of tensiometry and piezometry in deep drainage determinations of soil water in the profile |
A small-scale soil drainage design project in DRAİNMOD environment will be carried out |
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Drainage water quality and agricultural use |
Introduction of orifice, v-notch weir and flow meters to measuring drainage flows, how to make a standard reading on them will be illustrated and actıve-passive drain flow samplers for automatic sampling will be presented. |
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Soil water budget and effective drainage |
Introduction of orifice, v-notch weir and flow meters to measuring drainage flows, how to make a standard reading on them will be illustrated and actıve-passive drain flow samplers for automatic sampling will be presented. |
