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Learning Outcomes: |
| 1 |
1. Explain the concept of mental health and treat the patient in a biopsychosocial perspective.
2. Using effective communication skills, takes the psychiatric history of the patient including the main complaint, family history, background and medical illnesses.
3. Makes the psychiatric examination of the patient, recognizes the psychiatric signs and symptoms, establishes the relationship with mental disorders, creates pre-diagnoses with anamnesis and mental state examination findings.
4. Diagnoses depression, plans its treatment, applies the principles of follow-up and prevention, and explains the process of referral.
5. Recognize common psychiatric diseases (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, somatoform disorders, eating disorders, substance use disorders, dementia, sexual dysfunctions, personality disorders etc.).
6. Recognize and evaluate emergency psychiatric cases, make emergency psychiatric intervention when necessary and refer appropriately.
7. Describes the features of the old age and the common pathologies in old age.
8. Explain the concepts of forensic psychiatry.
9. Explains and applies suicide and intervention concepts and defines referral conditions.
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| 2 |
1. Explains the concept of mental health in children and adolescents and handles the patient in a biopsychosocial perspective.
2. Using effective communication skills, takes the psychiatric history of the patient including the main complaint, family history, background and medical illnesses.
3. Makes the psychiatric examination of the patient, recognizes the psychiatric signs and symptoms, establishes the relationship with mental disorders, creates pre-diagnoses with anamnesis and mental state examination findings.
4. Recognizes neurodevelopmental diseases and makes appropriate directions.
5. Recognizes common psychiatric diseases (ADHD, Autism, eating disorders, sexual abuse and neglect etc.).
6. Explains the characteristics of childhood and adolescence and common pathologies in this period.
7. Explain the concepts of sexual abuse and neglect.
8. Communicates effectively with patients and their relatives.
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| 3 |
1-Explains the main signs and symptoms of nervous system diseases. (Provided with Symptom to Diagnosis courses.)
2-Takes a detailed and reliable anamnesis for the nervous system by using effective communication skills. (Provided with Basic Medical Practices.)
3-Performs the neurological examination in a complete and reliable manner.
4-Recognize life-threatening nervous system diseases and emergencies, make the first treatments and refer appropriately.
5-It monitors some chronic nervous system diseases (epilepsy, stroke, migraine, dementia, etc.) at the primary care level.
6- Applies the principles of rational drug use in the treatment of nervous system diseases.
7- Makes a pre-diagnosis by evaluating the anamnesis and examination findings of the patient with complaints specific to the nervous system, explains the basic diagnostic tests used to make differential diagnosis and confirm the diagnosis, and interprets the results.
8-Explains the epidemiology of neurological diseases that are common in the society and approaches to decrease their frequency?
9-When necessary, examines the minimental condition and interprets the result roughly. (Provided in Basic Medical Practices.)
10-Determines the factors that may confront people with nervous system diseases and individuals who may be at risk in advance or at the early stage of the disease and takes the necessary precautions.
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| 4 |
1. General Skill Topics
A. Neurological Examination
1. Evaluates the mental state and speech of the patient.
2. Examines the cranial nerves.
3. Examines the central and peripheral sensory function.
4. Examines the motor function.
5. Investigates cranial and peripheral reflexes.
6. Examines the cerebellar function and walking function.
B. Neuro-Imaging Basics
1. Recognizes spine fractures and dislocations.
2. Distinguish between blood, air, fat, CSF and bone in computerized images.
3. Recognize the specific disease entities listed, such as epidural, subdural, intracranial hematoma, subarachnoid hemorrhage, brain tumors, and hydrocephalus.
C. Intracranial hypertension
1. Understand the pathophysiology of high intracranial pressure, brain perfusion and the effect of blood pressure, blood gases, and fluid and electrolyte balance.
2. Recognize the clinical signs of acute brain herniation including the Cushing reflex, midbrain effects and vital signs.
3. Understands the effect of focal mass lesions, structural shifts and their consequences.
2.Intracranial Disease Issues
Diagnosis and Management of Head Trauma
1. Understands and applies Glasgow Coma Score.
2. Recognize the emergence of brain herniation syndromes in trauma environment.
3. Starts the management of high intracranial pressure in head trauma.
4. Recognize and initiate the management of concussion, brain contusion and diffuse axonal injury.
5. Recognize and start the indications and treatment of acute subdural and epidural hematoma, including surgery.
6. Recognize and initiate penetrating trauma management including gunshot wounds.
7. Recognize and understand management principles of open, closed and skull base fractures including cerebrospinal fluid leak and chronic subdural hematoma (in children and adults).
B. Brain Tumor and Abscess Diagnosis and Management
1. Know the relative incidence and location of major primary and secondary brain tumors.
2. Understand the general clinical signs of brain tumors (focal deficit and irritation, mass effect; supratentorial and infratentorial).
3. Recognize extra-axial (cerebellopontine, pituitary, skull base pathologies) and intraaxial specific syndromes in a patient presenting with a brain tumor.
4. Reviews the diagnostic tools currently used for evaluation (laboratory tests, radiology, biopsy).
5. Understands broad treatment strategies (surgery, radiosurgery, radiation and chemotherapy) in the treatment of tumors.
6. Recognize the clinical signs of abscess and focal infections due to local invasion, how they differ from hematogenous diseases associated with immunodeficiency and tumors similar to them.
7. Understand the general principles in the treatment of abscess and focal intracranial infections.
C. Headache Diagnosis and Management
1. Know the main causes of intracranial hemorrhage: Distinguish hemorrhages due to hypertension and amyloidosis, aneurysm, vascular malformation, tumor and coagolopathy in the elderly.
2. Recognize the symptoms and signs of subarachnoid, cerebral and cerebellar hemorrhage.
3. Uses diagnostic tools in the evaluation of acute headache (CT and MRI, role of lumbar puncture).
4. Understands the natural course of the disease and the broad treatment strategies (surgery, radiosurgery, interventional).
Know radiology and vasospasm treatment in diseases such as intracranial aneurysms and vascular malformations.
5. Distinguish migraine, cluster and tension headache and sinusitis headache symptomatology from headaches due to increased intracranial pressure.
D. Diagnosis and Management of Ischemic Cerebrovascular Diseases
1. Recognize the symptoms and signs of ischemia in the anterior and posterior cerebral circulation originating from the carotid and vertebral artery.
2. Distinguish between types of ischemic stroke: embolic, hemodynamic, lacunar.
3. Classify the etiological factors of atherosclerosis, heart disease, arterial brain ischemia.
Differentiates between arterial dissection, fibromuscular dysplasia, vasculitis, venous thrombosis and hematological disease.
4. Knows the risk factors, indications including medical and surgical treatment, treatment options and management in ischemic diseases.
5. Diagnose and follow carotid occlusive disease using non-invasive methods. Understand the indications for angiography and carotid endarterectomy.
3.Spinal Diseases
Diagnosis and Management of Spinal Cord Injury
1. Recognize a patient with spinal trauma in the emergency service and interpret radiological studies.
2. Initiates immobilization, steroids and systemic therapy (against spinal shock) in the treatment of acute spinal cord injury.
3. Knows the definition of the unstable spine and its subsequent management principles.
4. Understands the treatment principles of spinal cord injury including the indications for decompressive (laminectomy and dural release) surgery. Initiates the treatment of medical complications associated with spinal cord injury (such as skin, bladder, bowel movement, breathing)
Diagnosis and Management of Non-Traumatic Neck and Back Problems 1. Recognize and understand the natural history and management principles of spinal cord, bone and soft tissue injuries in whip style. 2. Recognizes the common categories of spinal pain and radiculopathy: 3. Recognize the signs and symptoms of special conditions such as cauda equina, conus medullaris, central cord, Brown Sequard syndrome. 4. Understands the diagnosis and treatment of common causes such as cervical and lumbar disc herniation, osteoarthritic disease, and spondylolisthesis. 5. Understands the differential diagnosis and treatment of diseases such as metastatic disease and primary spinal tumors. 6. Recognizes the categories of myelopathy: 7. Recognize the signs and symptoms of acute and chronic spinal cord injury. 8. Understands the diagnosis and treatment of common causes of diseases such as cervical and lumbar disc herniation and osteoarthritic disease. 9. Recognize the differential diagnosis and treatment of diseases such as transverse myelopathy, metastatic disease and primary spinal tumors. 4. Peripheral nerve disease Diagnosis and Management of Peripheral Nerve Injury and Entrapment 1. Understands the diagnosis and indications of traumatic nerve injury (laceration, strain and compression), and Knows general treatment strategies. 2. Recognize the signs and symptoms of common nerve compression (carpal tunnel syndrome, ulnar nerve), (entrapment neuropathies such as thoracic outlet syndrome and meralgia paresthetica), know the etiology, conservative treatment and strategies and indications for surgical intervention.
5.Other common neurosurgical problems
A. Diagnosis and Management of Hydrocephalus and Spinal Dysraphism
1. Recognize the symptoms and signs of hydrocephalus in children.
2. Recognize the symptoms and signs of hydrocephalus in adults.
3. Understands the common etiology of hydrocephalus in children and adults. Distinguish between contact and occlusive hydrocephalus.
4. Understands treatment strategies for hydrocephalus.
5. Recognizes the common syndromes and neurological findings of spinal dysraphism and knows the management principles.
6.Surgically Treatable Pain Problems, Movement Disorders and Epilepsy Diagnosis and Management
1. Knows the etiology in trigeminal and glossopharyngeal neuralgia. Recognizes the characteristics of cancer pain, in which case it will be referred to surgery and what the interventional and surgical treatment options will be.
2. Recognize surgical intervention-appropriate movement disorders in Parkinson's disease, dystonia, spasticity and hemifacial spasm including indications for surgical referral and spectrum of surgical treatment options.
3. Understands the general classification of seizure disorders, the definition of persistent epilepsy, and the broad categories of surgical intervention for epilepsy, including invasive electrode placement, resective and differential surgery.
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| 5 |
Explain the main signs and symptoms of nervous system diseases. (Provided with Symptom to Diagnosis courses.) Takes detailed and reliable anamnesis for the nervous system by using effective communication skills. (Provided with Basic Medical Practices.) Performs neurological examination in a complete and reliable manner. Recognizes life-threatening nervous system diseases and emergencies, performs the first treatments and appropriately referrals, monitors some treated chronic nervous system diseases (epilepsy, stroke, migraine, dementia, etc.) at the primary level.;
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| 6 |
Applies the principles of rational drug use in the treatment of nervous system diseases. Evaluates the anamnesis and examination findings of the patient with symptoms specific to the nervous system, makes a pre-diagnosis, explains the basic diagnostic tests used to make differential diagnosis and finalize the diagnosis, and interprets the results. explain the approaches to decrease the frequency.;
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| 7 |
Performs minimental condition inspection when necessary and interprets the result roughly. (It is provided in Basic Medical Practices.) It determines the factors that may confront people with nervous system diseases and individuals who may be at risk in advance or at the early stage of the disease and takes the necessary precautions.;
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| 8 |
Evaluates the mental state and speech of the patient.
It examines the cranial nerves.
Examines the central and peripheral sensory function.
Examines the motor function.
Examines cranial and peripheral reflexes.
Examines the cerebellar function and walking function.
Recognizes spine fractures and dislocations.
Distinguish between blood, air, fat, CSF and bone in computerized images.
Recognize the specific disease entities listed, such as epidural, subdural, intracranial hematoma, subarachnoid hemorrhage, brain tumors, and hydrocephalus.
Understands the pathophysiology of high intracranial pressure, brain perfusion and the influence of blood pressure, blood gases, and fluid and electrolyte balance.
Recognize the clinical signs of acute brain herniation, including the Cushing reflex, midbrain effects, and vital signs.
Understands the effect of focal mass lesions, structural shifts and their consequences.;
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| 9 |
Understands and applies the Glasgow Coma Score.
Recognize the emergence of brain herniation syndromes in trauma environment.
It initiates the management of high intracranial pressure in head trauma.
Recognize and initiate the management of concussion, brain contusion, and diffuse axonal injury.
Recognize and initiate the indications and treatment of acute subdural and epidural hematoma, including surgery.
Recognize and initiate penetrating trauma management including gunshot wounds.
Recognize and understand management principles of open, closed and skull base fractures including cerebrospinal fluid leak and chronic subdural hematoma (in children and adults).
Know the relative incidence and location of major primary and secondary brain tumors.
Understand the general clinical signs of brain tumors (focal deficit and irritation, mass effect; supratentorial and infratentorial).
Recognize extra-axial (such as cerebellopontine, pituitary, skull base pathologies) and intraaxial specific syndromes in a patient presenting with a brain tumor.
Reviews the diagnostic tools currently used for evaluation (laboratory tests, radiology, biopsy).
Understands broad treatment strategies (surgery, radiosurgery, radiation and chemotherapy) in the treatment of tumors.
Recognize the clinical signs of abscess and focal infections due to local invasion, how they differ from hematogenous disease associated with immunodeficiency and tumors similar to these.
Understand the general principles in the treatment of abscess and focal intracranial infections.
Know the main causes of intracranial hemorrhage: Distinguish bleeding due to hypertension and amyloidosis, aneurysm, vascular malformation, tumor and coagolopathy in the elderly.
Recognize the symptoms and signs of subarachnoid, cerebral and cerebellar hemorrhage.
Uses diagnostic tools in the evaluation of acute headache (CT and MRI, role of lumbar puncture).
Understands the natural history of the disease and the broad treatment strategies (surgery, radiosurgery, interventional).
Know radiology and vasospasm treatment in diseases such as intracranial aneurysms and vascular malformations.
It distinguishes the symptomatology of migraine, cluster and tension headache and sinusitis headache from headaches due to increased intracranial pressure.;
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| 10 |
Recognize a patient with spinal trauma in the emergency service and interpret radiological studies.
It initiates immobilization, steroids and systemic therapy (against spinal shock) options in the treatment of acute spinal cord injury.
Knows the definition of unstable spine and its subsequent management principles.
Understands the treatment principles of spinal cord injury including indications for decompressive (laminectomy and dural release) surgery. Initiates the treatment of medical complications associated with spinal cord injury (such as skin, bladder, bowel movement, breathing)
Recognize and understand the natural history and management principles of spinal cord, bone and soft tissue injuries in whip style.
Recognize the common categories of spinal pain and radiculopathy:
Recognize the signs and symptoms of special conditions such as cauda equina, conus medullaris, central cord, Brown Sequard syndrome.;
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